Person Centred Care - Coproduction Special Edition

This bulletin covers person centred health care, and should be of interest to staff working in this area, within acute, community and social care sectors.

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Critical appraisal is an essential part of evidence-based practice and involves systematically evaluating evidence to establish whether it is valid, accurate and relevant.  For introductory resources, visit the Critical Appraisal Tools pathway.

This bulletin contains a selection of material gathered from a search of the evidence base, and is not intended to be comprehensive. Professional judgment should be exercised when appraising the material. The Library takes no responsibility for the wording, content and accuracy of the information supplied, which has been extracted in good faith from reputable sources. NHSGGC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

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What is Co-production?

1. Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE): Co-production in social care: what it is and how to do it.  Click here for a good introduction to co-production and its definition from a social care perspective.

2. Batalden M, Batalden P, Margolis P, Seid M, Armstrong G, Opipari-Arrigan L, et al (2016)  Coproduction of healthcare service. BMJ QUAL SAF 07;25(7):509-517 for fulltext click here.

"We trace a partial history of the coproduction concept, present a model of healthcare service coproduction and explore its application as a design principle in three healthcare service delivery innovations. We use the principle to examine the roles, relationships and aims of this interdependent work. We explore the principle's implications and challenges for health professional development, for service delivery system design and for understanding and measuring benefit in healthcare services".

3. Fisher P. (2016) Co-production: what is it and where do we begin? Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing 23(6-7):345-346 for full text click here. 

This article provides a short personal introduction from a mental health perspective.

Asset Based Approaches

4. Asset-based places: a model for development, Social Care Institute for Excellence (2017) Click here for a selection of tools, case studies and further reading.

5. Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Briefing paper 10 Concepts Series: Putting asset based approaches into practice: identification, mobilisation and measurement of assets, 2012, Glasgow.

Key Points:

• Asset based approaches recognise and build on a combination of the human, social and physical capital that exists within local communities. They acknowledge and build on what people value most and can help ensure that public services are provided where and how they are needed.
• Asset based approaches are underpinned by attitudes and values related to personal and collective empowerment and undertaken within the context of positive change for health improvement.
• A number of techniques and methodologies are available for supporting the identification and mobilisation of assets within individuals and communities.
• Despite a wealth of community based activities, interventions and knowledge, difficulties are inherent in measuring assets and their relationship to wellbeing. 
• A challenge for asset based working is to find, collate or develop data that measure positive health and wellbeing in contrast to the deficit mindset adopted in traditional mortality and disease prevalence measures.

6. McGeechan, GJ., Woodall, D., Anderson, L., et al (2016) A Coproduction community based approach to reducing smokign prevalence in a local community setting.  Journal of Environmental and Public Health , Article ID: 53865354 for full text click here.

"...no matter how deprived a community is perceived to be, every community has assets, which are the collective resources individuals and communities have at their disposal which can protect against negative health outcomes; these assets can be financial, physical, environmental, and even the people within the community itself. By working with communities, it is possible to develop services which utilise all of these assets, are meaningful to local people who will access them, and help to protect against adverse circumstances, thereby promoting health and well-being ."

7. Wilson Rl, Blandamer W.(2016) An Asset Based Approach to Health Care and Wider Public Sector Reform in the Wigan Borough. INT J INTEGR CARE 16(6):1-2 for full text click here.

eHealth

6. Lundin M, Mäkitalo Å, Mäkitalo Å. (2017) Co-designing technologies in the context of hypertension care: Negotiating participation and technology use in design meetings. INFORM HEALTH SOC CARE 01;42(1):18-31 for fulltext click here.

"The study shows that new practices of self-treatment are not likely to take place without the cooperation of patients, since they are to provide the observational data necessary for the professionals' work. The negotiations are needed to balance patients' concerns of being monitored by technology and their needs of being in control of their everyday lives and activities."

House of Care

7. Coulter, A., Roberts, S., Dixon, A. (2013)  Delivering better services for people with long term conditions.  Building the House of Care.  King's Fund, London for fulltext click here.

8. Introduction to the House of Care.  The Health Foundation.  Click here (accessed 02/08/2017)

9. Scotland's House of Care, The Alliance Click here (accessed 02/08/2017)

Lived Experience

Swarbrick, CM., Doors, O., Scottish Dementia Working Group, et al. Visioning change: Co-producing a model of involvement and engagement in research (Innovative Practice). Dementia (London). 2016 Oct 16. pii: 1471301216674559.  for fulltext click here.

"The involvement of people living with dementia in research has traditionally been located in the realms of 'subject' or 'participant'. However, there has been an increase in demand for greater transparency by academic bidding teams (particularly within the UK) in demonstrating how people with a lived experience have been and will be involved in the research process. Located within the Economic and Social Research Council/National Institute for Health Research (ESRC/NIHR)-funded Neighbourhoods and Dementia Study (2014-2019), led by The University of Manchester (UK), this paper outlines the development of the CO-researcher INvolvement and Engagement in Dementia (COINED) Model, which was co-produced alongside three independent groups of people living with dementia: Open Doors, the Scottish Dementia Working Group and EDUCATE."

Long Term Conditions

10. Realpe AX, Wallace LM, Adams AE, Kidd JM. (2015) The development of a prototype measure of the co-production of health in routine consultations for people with long-term conditions. Patient Educ Couns 12;98(12):1608-1616 for the fulltext click here.

See also: Self-Managment; House of Care

Mental Health

11. Bradley E (2015). Carers and co-production: enabling expertise through experience? MENT HEALTH REV J 2015 12;20(4):232-241 for fulltext click here.

"Informal carers (family and friends) are recognised as a fundamental resource for mental health service provision, as well as a rich source of expertise through experience, yet their views are rarely solicited by mental health professionals or taken into account during decision making. This issue is considered alongside new policy recommendations which advocate the development of co-produced services and care."

12. Freeman LR, Waldman M, Storey J,  et al. (2016) Working towards co-production in rehabilitation and recovery services. J MENT HEALTH TRAIN EDUC PRACT 11(4):197-207 for fulltext click here.

" The purpose of this paper is to outline the work of a service provider, service user and carer group created to develop a strategy for service user and carer co-production."

13. Lwembe S, Green SA, Chigwende J, et al (2017) Co-production as an approach to developing stakeholder partnerships to reduce mental health inequalities: an evaluation of a pilot service. PRIM HEALTH CARE RES DEV  ;18(1):14-23 for fulltext click here.

"This study aimed to evaluate a pilot cross-sector initiative – bringing together public health, a community group, primary mental health teams and patients – in using co-production approaches to deliver a mental health service to meet the needs of the black and minority ethnic communities".

14. Mayer C, McKenzie K. (2017) '...it shows that There's no Limits': the Psychological Impact of Co-Production for Experts by Experience Working in Youth Mental Health. HEALTH SOC CARE COMMUNITY 25(3):1181-1189 for fulltext click here.

"This phenomenological study explored the psychological impact of co-production for young people who were paid experts by experience for a young person's mental health charity in a large and diverse urban area in the UK, looking at the what of psychological impact, as well as the theoretical why and how."

15. Pinfold V, Szymczynska P, Hamilton S,  et al. (2015) Co-production in mental health research: reflections from the People Study. MENT HEALTH REV J 20(4):220-231 for fulltext click here.

16. Reeve J, Cooper L, Harrington S, et al (2016) Developing, delivering and evaluating primary mental health care: the co-production of a new complex intervention. BMC Health Serv Res 16:1-13 for fulltext click here.

Patient Information

17. O'Donnell D, Fealy G, Downes C. Engaging active citizen participation in the co-creation of an educational and information campaign to support older people to be empowered against abuse: Key learnings for integrative care. INT J INTEGR CARE 2016 12/02;16(6):1-2 for fulltext click here.

"This work culminated in Keep Control; a multi-media educational and information campaign developed by older people for older people."

PCC and Coproduction Elsewhere

18. Journal of Health Organization & Management, Special Issue Patient involvement in Europe - a comparative framework. 29(5) for fulltext click here.

Quality Improvement

19. Hafford-Letchfield T, Lavender P. (2015) Quality improvement through the paradigm of learning. QUAL AGEING OLDER ADULTS 16(4):195-207 for fulltext click here

"Achieving meaningful participation and co-production for older people in care requires radical approaches. The purpose of this paper is to explore an innovation where learning interventions were introduced into care settings and older people matched to community-based learning mentors to develop partnerships. The authors explore how the concept of learning might be used as a paradigm to raise the quality of care in institutionalised settings using a co-productive and relationship-based approach to promote wellbeing. "

Self-Management

20. Jones F, Postges H, Brimicombe L. (2016) Building Bridges between healthcare professionals, patients and families: A coproduced and integrated approach to self-management support in stroke. Neurorehabilitation 39(4):471-480 for fulltext click here.

21. Self-Management: Why Co-Production is Central.  Scottish Co-production Network Click here to access this online resource (last accessed 01/08/2017)

Strategy and Policy Setting

22. Lehmann U, Gilson L. (2015) Action learning for health system governance: the reward and challenge of co-production. HEALTH POLICY PLANN 30(10):957-963 for fulltext click here.

23. Morton M, Paice E. (2016) Co-Production at the Strategic Level: Co-Designing an Integrated Care System with Lay Partners in North West London, England. INT J INTEGR CARE 16(2):1-4 for the fulltext click here.

"In North West London, health and social care leaders decided to design a system of integrated care with the aim of improving the quality of care and supporting people to maintain independence and participation in their community. Patients and carers, known as ‘lay partners,’ were to be equal partners in co-production of the system."